Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)1908
Procedural code for civil proceedings.
Practice area · Indian legal practice
Civil Litigation
CPC, suits, writs, money recovery, declarations, injunctions.
Civil practice covers suits, applications, and proceedings under the Civil Procedure Code 1908 and a wide range of substantive statutes — Specific Relief Act, Indian Contract Act, Transfer of Property Act, Limitation Act. Forums range from City Civil Courts to High Courts (with Original Side jurisdiction in Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, Delhi) to the Supreme Court.
Key statutes
Specific Relief Act1963
Specific performance, declarations, injunctions, recovery.
Indian Contract Act1872
Substantive contract law.
Transfer of Property Act1882
Substantive law on transfer of immovable and movable property.
Limitation Act1963
Limitation periods for civil suits and applications.
Specific Relief (Amendment) Act2018
Replaced courts' "general discretion" in specific performance with statutory presumption.
Commercial Courts Act2015
Fast-track commercial dispute resolution.
Primary forums
- City Civil Courts and District Courts
- Commercial Courts (under the Commercial Courts Act 2015)
- High Court Original Side (Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, Delhi for suits over the pecuniary threshold)
- High Court Appellate Side
- Supreme Court of India
Common matters
- Suits for declaration, recovery, specific performance, partition
- Permanent and temporary injunctions (Order 39 CPC)
- Suits under the Negotiable Instruments Act
- Commercial suits under the Commercial Courts Act 2015
- Execution proceedings (Order 21 CPC)
- Letters Patent appeals
Limitation periods
Limitation Act 1963 prescribes the periods. Common: 3 years for money suits and contract claims (Articles 15, 22), 12 years for possession-based suits (Article 64), 30 years for mortgages (Article 134). Section 5 condonation applies to applications and appeals; not to suits.
CourtNetra workflow for civil litigation
Civil suits in CourtNetra carry the plaint, written statement, and key issue list as structured matter fields. NyayaLens AI surfaces cited precedent for specific-performance, injunction, and limitation issues. Court-fee calculator built in. The 7 AM IST hearing diary aggregates all civil hearings across courts in your matter list.
Related templates in the free library: Plaints and applications, Written statements, Injunction applications. Browse templates.
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